Red eyes effect is caused by light bouncing off the retina. The red colour actually is a reflection from the blood vessels found inside of the red eyes, hence the red eyes effect. Usually, it happens in poorly lit environment and the size of the pupils dilates to allow us to see better. When that happens, if a flash is fired at the eyes, and also there is a law of reflection that states that the angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence (where the light is coming from), there is a high chance that the light reflected back to the camera will be red.
If you can change the angle of the flash such that there is no reflection bouncing off the retina and to make the size of the pupils smaller, then you will not get a red eyes effect.1. Use the red eyes reduction found on your camera
Most cameras have this feature which allows you to reduce the red eyes. Although not 100% foolproof, it comes in handy as you can minimise the effect of red eyes. Red eyes reduction does by firing a pre-flash light before firing a main flash to the subject. The theory is that by firing a pre-flash light, the size of the pupils become small, thus fewer chances for the light to bounce off the retina when the main flash fires.
2. Move to an area with more ambient light
When you move your subject to a more ambient light, the size of pupils will become small as there is sufficient light to enter into the eyes. This will help us see better as well as reducing the need to use flash as there is more light to be captured by the camera.
3. Ask the subject to look at light source
If you find that the area is poorly lit and there is a lamp post available, ask them to look at the lamp post. This will help to reduce red eyes as the size of your subject' pupils will become small.
4. Use photoshop tools to correct red eyes
If you find that there is still red eyes visible, this could be due to some people have larger pupils than the other, you should use photoshop to remove the red eyes.
5. Mount an external flash
As explained earlier about the law of reflection, if you can change the angle of light source such that the angle of reflection goes the opposite way rather than bouncing off the surface of the retina, red eyes effect will not occur. Unfortunately, most compact cameras flash sit beside the len and there is no way you can move you flash. In this case, you can try to use red eyes reduction or you can photoshop to remove them. All digital SLR allow external flash to be mounted on top via hotshoe. Thus, the angle can be changed such that you can minimize the effect of red eyes.
I hope these tips will help you to reduce red eyes!!!
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